A Realistic Model of the Photon. - The fundamental nature of the photon can be understood using a mechanical description of the photon, on which we apply the laws of physics. It is well known that electromagnetic radiation is always generated during the acceleration “a” of electric charges. Using the Larmor equation, the energy emitted by an accelerated charge is given by the relationship:
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Equation 32
Where q is the electric charge, and W is the power emitted in Watts.
We must avoid any confusion between the electromagnetic radiation emitted during the “acceleration” of electric charges (equation 32) and the Biot-Savart field (vortices) accompanying a moving charge at “constant velocity” (eq. 1). During the acceleration, the electric charge can be completely free or bound to another particle. The emission of electromagnetic radiation from free accelerated electric charges is called bremsstrahlung. Also, when the electromagnetic radiation is emitted from an accelerated electron bound to other particle, a corresponding emission of radiation also takes place. In that case, this is described as a quantum emission of radiation due to the transition between two quantum states. Whatever the degree of freedom of the electric charge is, the emission of electromagnetic radiation always requires the acceleration of an electric charge.
The electromagnetic radiation emitted due to the acceleration of electric charges, bears many names. It can be called: photon, light, electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, microwaves, radio waves, infrared radiation, ultra-violet radiation, etc. All these different names refer to the same thing. The difference in names is generally related only to the frequency of the radiation. As mentioned in the book: “Absurdities in Modern Physics: A Solution” (14), it does not make sense to claim a physical difference between a photon, observed with a photon detector, (then considered as a particle,) and electromagnetic radiation, observed with a radiation detector, (then considered as a wave). This always refers to the very same package of energy. Under all these different names, there exists only one single fundamental phenomenon. The “package of energy” emitted during the acceleration of a charge, must always be simultaneously compatible with a realistic description, corresponding to an electromagnetic field emitted by an accelerated charge, possessing all the characteristics of energy, amplitude, frequency, phase, length of coherence, time of coherence and polarization. Therefore here, we use any of these terms indifferently, to represent electromagnetic radiation. It is illogical to believe that the nature of light changes as a function of the detector or observer, as claimed unfortunately in many papers.
Since light (or photons or electromagnetic radiation, etc.) is always a consequence of the acceleration of an electric charge, the structure of light must be compatible with the morphological structure of the emitter, which is generally the electron. In view of the fact that “moving” electrons are made of a large number of extended, concentric vortices of electric fields, this fact must be reflected on the morphology of the emitted radiation. Each infinitesimal element of the accelerated electron emits energy in agreement with equation 32. Due to the acceleration of a tri-dimensional volume of electric charges concentrated in vortices, as explained above, the acceleration of each differential element of the electron structure, gives rise to a tri-dimensional electromagnetic wave. Therefore the structure of the emitted light (as wave-packets) must also possess concentric electric waves. Since every parts of the three-dimensional electron are accelerated, similarly, the radiation emitted occupies all space, up to infinity, in order to be compatible with equation 32. That is simple logic. Consequently, the so-called “photon” can neither be described as a point particle nor as an expanding field distribution around the source. The so-called “photon” can be described as a non-expanding display of numerous concentric vortices (of unlimited radius) of electromagnetic fields in a three dimensional space, moving along the velocity axis. Those arrays can be compared to the vortices produced, at different depths, when a stone falls into a water pool, as illustrated above. However, this comparison is incomplete, unless in addition, we recall that it is the water pool, (with the vortices), which is moving at velocity v. Then, the electric vortices of the accelerated electron generate corresponding vortices in the photon, which then move at velocity c. The velocity c of the electromagnetic radiation adds cylindrical parameters to the wave packet. One must also consider the ends of this cylinder formed by the moving sphere, which also contains vortices, in compatibility with the morphology of the accelerated electron generating the “photon”. We can see that the main length of the moving wave packet is the length of coherence of the radiation. That length of coherence is related to the time during which the electric charge is accelerated.
Of course, the radius of the cylindrical vortices cannot expand in time, since this would decrease the density of energy in the photon’s field. Experimentally, it is confirmed that the density of energy of a wave packet does not decrease in time, since it is an experimental fact that the quantum levels of target atoms are just as much excited at any distance from the light source.
We have seen that, just as in the case of the moving electron, a concentration of electromagnetic energy is also replicated in the wave-packet, at the instant it is generated by the electron. Therefore, most of the energy in the wave-packet is concentrated inside a relatively small radius (just around the classical electron radius), but some energy also exists at large distances, up to infinity. The fact that an individual wave-packet described here occupies a large volume of space (in both longitudinal and transverse directions) is such that it can interfere with itself after it has been split by a local barrier, like a slit. Also, considering the very large size of the emitting electron, we can see that due to the finite velocity of transmission of energy at velocity c, the total energy of a wave-packet cannot be measured instantaneously, in agreement with the “uncertainly principle” in quantum mechanics. Let us examine the fact that the so-called “photon” extends in the longitudinal, as well as in the transverse direction.
